Capital: Volume 1, Chapters 31-33 by Karl Marx

Chapter 31: The Genesis of the Industrial Capitalist

1. "the Middle Ages had handed down two distinct forms of capital, which ripened in the most varied economic formations of society, and which, before the era of the capital mode of production, nevertheless functioned as capital -- usurer's capital and merchant's capital." - 914
2. "The money capital formed by means of usury and commerce was prevented from turning into industrial capital by the feudal organization of the countryside and the guild organization of the towns. These fetters vanished with the dissolution of the feudal bands of retainers, and the expropriation and partial eviction of the rural population." - 915
3. "Today, industrial supremacy brings with it commercial supremacy. In the period of manufacture it is the reverse: commercial supremacy produces industrial predominance. Hence the preponderant role played by the colonial system at that time...It proclaimed the making of profit as the ultimate and the sole purpose of mankind." - 918
4. "The only part of the so-called national wealth that actually enters into the collective possession of a modern nation is -- the national debt." - 919
5. "Colonial system, public debts, heavy taxes, protection, commercial wars, etc., these offshoots of the period of infancy of large-scale industry. The birth of the latter is celebrated by a vast, Herod-like slaughter of innocents." - 922

Chapter 32: The Historical Tendency of Capitalist Accumulation

1. Sismondi, Nouveaux Principe d'economie politique, "We are in a situation which is entirely new for society...we are striving to separate every kind of property from every kind of labour" - 928, notes
2. "The centralization of the means of production and the socialization of labour reach a point at which they become incompatible with their capitalist integument. This integument is burst asunder. The knell of capitalist private property sounds. The expropriators are expropriated." - 929

Chapter 33: The Modern Theory of Colonization

1. "Political economy confuses, on principle, two different kinds of private property, one of which rests on the labour of the producer himself, and the other on the exploitation of the labour of others." - 931
2. "Where the capitalist has behind him the power of the mother country, he tries to use force to clear out of the way the modes of production and appropriation which rest on the personal labour of the independent producer." - 931
3. "capital is not a thing, but a social relation between persons which is mediated through things." - 932
4. "So long, therefore, as the worker can accumulate for himself -- and this he can do so long as he remains in possession of his means of production -- capitalist accumulation and the capitalist mode of production are impossible." - 933
5. "the social dependence of the worker on the capitalist, which is indispensable, is secured. At home, in the mother country, the smug deceitfulness of the political economist can turn this relation of absolute dependence into a free contract between buyer and seller" - 935
6. "the capitalist mode of production and accumulation, and therefore capitalist private property as well, have for their fundamental condition the annihilation of that private property which rests on the labour of the individual himself, in other words, the expropriation of the worker." - 940